WebSaxitoxin, the best known example of this group, is a sodium-channel blocker and is more toxic by inhalation than by other routes of exposure. Unlike oral intoxication with saxitoxin (paralytic shellfish poisoning), which has a relatively slow onset, saxitoxin can be lethal Websaxitoxin-producing and non-producing dinoflagellate strains from six different genera for the presence of genomic sxtA homologs. Our results show very good agreement between the presence of sxtA and saxitoxin-synthesis, except in three strains of A. tamarense, for which we amplified sxtA, but did not detect the toxin.
Defence against toxin weapons
WebBesides, we have achieved the synthesis of 11-saxitoxinethanoic acid (SEA), which is an unusual STX derivative bearing carbon-carbon bond at the C11 position by applying Mukaiyama aldol condensation reaction with silyl enolether derived from the key intermediate of fully protected saxitoxinol. WebMay 18, 2011 · Further, we investigated 28 saxitoxin-producing and non-producing dinoflagellate strains from six different genera for the presence of genomic sxtA homologs. Our results show very good agreement between the presence of sxtA and saxitoxin-synthesis, except in three strains of A. tamarense, for which we amplified sxtA, but did not … sleeping in strip lashes best practices
Evolution of saxitoxin synthesis in cyanobacteria and
WebApr 21, 2024 · The paralytic shellfish toxin saxitoxin (STX; 1, Fig. 1) is a guanidine alkaloid biosynthesized by dinoflagellates, and it potently inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels (Na V Ch), thereby blocking the influx of sodium ions into cells [1,2,3].Na V Chs are distributed extensively in nerves, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, etc., and control neurotransmission … WebDec 1, 2001 · Here, we show that genes required for saxitoxin synthesis are encoded in the nuclear genomes of dinoflagellates. We sequenced >1.2×10(6) mRNA transcripts from the two saxitoxin-producing ... Webnutrient concentration on cyanobacteria growth and saxitoxin synthesis. Therefore, we performed bioassays of interaction between the Chlorophyceae Monoraphidium contortum and R. raciborskii simulating oligotrophic and supereutrophic environ-ments. Experiments were carried out in a climatized room for 15 days in pure cultures of each species ... sleeping in space station